run
VERB · English
Experimental / limited support
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The corpus records 64 senses of run. Each sense below has its own Add to list, so you choose the one you mean.
Display information
Experimental coverage — measured below Partial on the number of recorded words, definitions, translations, word forms and pronunciation. Treat entries as evidence to check; meanings may be incomplete.
English is Experimental in Words. Support is measured, not declared: a language reaches Partial only when every measure meets its threshold, and a measure that has not been taken does not count. The development corpus holds 60 source-backed words in English. What is shown may be incomplete, and pronunciation audio, generated forms and generated examples are not offered.
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Definition: To move forward quickly upon two feet by alternately making a short jump off either foot. From a source of medium confidence.
intransitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- Run, and you might still catch the train! Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- Through the open front door ran Jessamy, down the steps to where Kitto was sitting at the bottom with the pram beside him. 1967, Barbara Sleigh, Jessamy, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, published 1993, →ISBN, page 122:
-
Definition: To go at a fast pace; to move quickly. From a source of medium confidence.
intransitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- I have been running all over the building looking for him. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- Sorry, I've got to run; my house is on fire! Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- Once I ran to you (I ran) / Now I run from you / This tainted love you've given / I give you all a boy could give you 1965, Ed Cobb, “Tainted Love”, in Non-Stop Erotic Cabaret, performed by Soft Cell, published 1981:
-
Definition: To cover (a course or a distance) by running. From a source of medium confidence.
transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- I can run a mile, but I can't run the cross-country course. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To complete a running course or event in (a given time). From a source of medium confidence.
transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- I was hoping to make the team, but I didn't run the qualifying time. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To move briskly or smoothly with a motion of sliding, rolling, sweeping etc. From a source of medium confidence.
intransitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- The shuttle runs back and forth on these rollers. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- As its name suggests, the monorail runs on a single rail. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- I felt her fingers running over my cheek. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To cause to move quickly or lightly. From a source of medium confidence.
transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- Every day I run my dog across the field and back. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- I'll just run the vacuum cleaner over the carpet. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- Run your fingers through my hair. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- Run a flag up (the pole/mast) Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- Challenger and I ran Summerlee along, one at each of his elbows, while Lord John covered our retreat, firing again and again as savage heads snarled at us out of the bushes. 1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:
-
Definition: To compete in a race. From a source of medium confidence.
intransitive · transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- The horse will run in the Preakness next year. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- I'm not ready to run a marathon. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- The car could not be repaired in time for the race and did not run. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To transport (someone or something), notionally at a brisk pace. From a source of medium confidence.
transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- Could you run me over to the store? Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- Please run this report upstairs to director's office. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: Of a means of transportation: to travel (a route). From a source of medium confidence.
intransitive · transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- The bus (train, plane, ferry boat, etc) runs between Newport and Riverside. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- Small planes run between Alor and Langkawi. BUS: Express busses leave the bus terminal on the corner of Jl. Langgar and Jl. Stesyen for K. Kedah, […] 1997, Karl-Heinz Reger, Nelles Verlag Staff, Malaysia - Singapore - Brunei, Hunter Publishing, Inc, →ISBN, page 91:
- The first steam ferry or tug, the Little Minnie, ran the river in the 1870s. When vehicles were to cross, a barge was affixed to the Minnie to carry them. 2013 April 15, Mary Ann Sternberg, Along the River Road: Past and Present on Louisiana's Historic Byway, LSU Press, →ISBN, page 62:
-
Definition: To cause (a vehicle) to travel a route. From a source of medium confidence.
transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- This year, NJ Transit allowed nonmotorists […] to reach the event by running special trains every 2 hours 4 round trips). The location was the old Lackawanna Railroad freight house, about a 10-minute walk from the Boonton Station, which normally has service only during peak-commuting hours on weekdays. 2024 11, David Peter Alan, “NJ Transit Runs Special Trains to “Railroad Museum [for a day]””, in Lackawanna Coalition Railgram:
-
Definition: To transit (a length of a river), as in whitewater rafting. From a source of medium confidence.
transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- To put it frankly, if you people had to hire others to run the river and survey it for you, if, in short, you can't even run it yourself, why do think you can decide who is and who is not competent? River running, as has been[…] 1979, United States. Forest Service. Rocky Mountain Region, Piedra River: Final Environmental Impact Statement & Wild & Scenic River Study, page 74:
-
Definition: Of fish, to migrate for spawning. From a source of medium confidence.
intransitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
No example is recorded for this sense.
-
Definition: To carry (a football) down the field, as opposed to passing or kicking. From a source of medium confidence.
intransitive · transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- Then, on their second possession, Isaiah Ford ran for 11 yards after abandoning a flea flicker. [...] The Patriots ran the ball just 27 times despite averaging 5 yards per carry. 2019 December 29, Chad Finn, “24 thoughts on the Patriots’ loss to the Dolphins”, in Boston Globe:
-
Definition: To flee from a danger or towards help. From a source of medium confidence.
intransitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- Whenever things get tough, she cuts and runs. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- When he's broke, he runs to me for money. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- When the alarm went off, the thief dropped the booty and ran. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To pass (without stopping), typically a stop signal, stop sign, or duty to yield the right of way. From a source of medium confidence.
figuratively · transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- The car in front just ran a red light. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- If you have a collision with a vehicle oncoming from the right, after having run priority to the right, you are at fault. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To juggle a pattern continuously, as opposed to starting and stopping quickly. From a source of medium confidence.
colloquial · transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
No example is recorded for this sense.
-
Definition: Of a liquid or electric current, to flow. From a source of medium confidence.
intransitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- The river runs through the forest into the North Sea. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- There's blood running down your leg. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- The current runs to the toaster. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To move or spread quickly. From a source of medium confidence.
figuratively · intransitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- There's a strange story running around the neighborhood that you had a miscarriage last year. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- The flu is running through my daughter's kindergarten. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: Of an object, to have a liquid flowing from it. From a source of medium confidence.
intransitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- Your nose is running. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- Why is the hose still running? Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- My eyes were watering and now tears are running down my cheeks. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To make a liquid or electric current flow from or into an object. From a source of medium confidence.
transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- Run the water out into the pool. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- They ran the electricity back behind the wall. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To become liquid; to melt. From a source of medium confidence.
intransitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- As Wax dissolves, as Ice begins to run, 1717 [a. 18 CE], Ovid, translated by Joseph Addison, Ovid's Metamorphoses in fifteen books. Translated by the most eminent hands. Adorn'd with sculptures, Book the Third, The Story of Narcissus, page 92:
- The Sussex ores run pretty freely in the Fire for Iron-Ores; otherwise they would hardly be worth working. 1729, John Woodward, An Attempt Towards a Natural History of the Fossils of England, Tome I, page 223:
-
Definition: To leak or spread in an undesirable fashion; to bleed (especially used of dye or paint). From a source of medium confidence.
intransitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- During washing, the red from the rug ran onto the white sheet, staining it pink. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To fuse; to shape; to mould; to cast. From a source of medium confidence.
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- to run bullets Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- But, my Lord, the fairest Diamonds are rough till they are polished, and the purest Gold must be run and washed, and sifted in the Oar. 1718, Henry Felton, A Dissertation on Reading the Classics, and Forming a Just Style, page 6:
-
Definition: To sail before the wind, in distinction from reaching or sailing close-hauled. From a source of medium confidence.
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
No example is recorded for this sense.
-
Definition: To control or manage; to be in charge of. From a source of medium confidence.
transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- My uncle ran a corner store for forty years. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- She runs the fundraising. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- My parents think they run my life. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- He is running the candidate's expensive campaign. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- A friend of mine who runs an intellectual magazine was grousing about his movie critic, complaining that though the fellow had liked The Godfather (page 58), he had neglected to label it clearly as a masterpiece. 1972 December 29, Richard Schickel, “Masterpieces underrated and overlooked”, in Life, volume 73, number 25, page 22:
- India is run by gerontocrats and epigones: grey hairs and groomed heirs. 2013 May 11, “What a waste”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8835, page 12:
-
Definition: To be a candidate in an election. From a source of medium confidence.
intransitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- I have decided to run for governor of California. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- We're trying to find somebody to run against him next year. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To make enter a race. From a source of medium confidence.
transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- He ran his best horse in the Derby. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- We're running two cars in today's rally. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To make stand in an election. From a source of medium confidence.
transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- The Green Party is running twenty candidates in this election. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To exert continuous activity; to proceed. From a source of medium confidence.
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- to run through life; to run in a circle Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To be presented in the media. From a source of medium confidence.
intransitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- The story will run on the 6-o'clock news. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- The latest Robin Williams movie is running at the Silver City theatre. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- Her picture ran on the front page of the newspaper. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To print or broadcast in the media. From a source of medium confidence.
transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- run a story; run an ad Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To smuggle (illegal goods). From a source of medium confidence.
transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- They are running guns to the rebels. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- [...]whereas in the business of laying heavy impositions two and two never made more than one ; which happens by lessening the import, and the strong temptation of running such goods as paid high duties 1728, Jonathan Swift, “An answer to a paper, called A memorial of the poor inhabitants, tradesmen, and labourers of the kingdom of Ireland”, in The Works of Dr. Jonathan Swift, published 1757, page 175:
-
Definition: To sort through a large volume of produce in quality control. From a source of medium confidence.
transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- Looks like we're gonna have to run the tomatoes again. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To extend in space or through a range (often with a measure phrase). From a source of medium confidence.
intransitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- The border runs for 3000 miles. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- The leash runs along a wire. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- The grain of the wood runs to the right on this table. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- It ran in quality from excellent to substandard. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To extend in time, to last, to continue (usually with a measure phrase). From a source of medium confidence.
intransitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- The sale will run for ten days. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- The contract runs through 2008. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- The meeting ran late. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- The book runs 655 pages. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- The speech runs as follows: … Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To make (something) extend in space. From a source of medium confidence.
transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- I need to run this wire along the wall. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: Of a machine, including computer programs, to be operating or working normally. From a source of medium confidence.
intransitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- My car stopped running. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- That computer runs twenty-four hours a day. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- The buses don't run on Sundays. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To make a machine operate. From a source of medium confidence.
transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- It's full. You can run the dishwasher now. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- Don't run the engine so fast. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To execute or carry out a plan, procedure, or program. From a source of medium confidence.
transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- They ran twenty blood tests on me and they still don't know what's wrong. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- Our coach had us running plays for the whole practice. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- I will run the sample. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- Don't run that software unless you have permission. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- My computer is too old to run the new OS. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To pass or go quickly in thought or conversation. From a source of medium confidence.
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- to run from one subject to another Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- Virgil was so well acquainted with this Secret, that to set off his first Georgic, he has run into a set of Precepts, which are almost foreign to his Subject, 1697, Joseph Addison, “An essay on the Georgics”, in The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Aeneis, by John Dryden:
-
Definition: To become different in a way mentioned (usually to become worse). From a source of medium confidence.
copulative
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- Our food supplies are running low because money is running short. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- They frequently overspent and soon ran into debt. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- Tap water always runs freezing cold before running dry. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- Have I not cause to rave, and beat my breast, / To rend my heart with grief and run distracted? 1712, Joseph Addison, Cato, a Tragedy, act IV, scene i:
- I was no more than a boy / In the company of strangers / In the quiet of the railway station / Running scared. 1968, Paul Simon, “The Boxer”:
-
Definition: To cost an amount of money. From a source of medium confidence.
transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- Buying a new laptop will run you a thousand dollars. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- Laptops run about a thousand dollars apiece. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: Of stitches or stitched clothing, to unravel. From a source of medium confidence.
intransitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- My stocking is running. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To cause stitched clothing to unravel. From a source of medium confidence.
transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- 1977-1980, Lou Sullivan, personal diary, quoted in 2019, Ellis Martin, Zach Ozma (editors), We Both Laughed In Pleasure He took off the nylons & had runned one. He said "now I really look like a street whore!" Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation. From a source of medium confidence.
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- To run the world back to its first original and infancy, and, as it were, to view nature in its cradle, 1692, Robert South, “Discourse I. The creation of man in God’s image”, in Discourses on Various Subjects and Occasions, published 1827, page 1:
- Methinks, if it might be, I would gladly understand the Formation of a Soul, run it up to its Punctum Saliens, and see it beat the first conscious Pulse. 1695, Jeremy Collier, “A Thought”, in Miscellanies upon Moral Subjects by Jeremy Collier, page 88:
-
Definition: To cause to enter; to thrust. From a source of medium confidence.
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- to run a sword into or through the body; to run a nail into one's foot Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- “You run your head into the lion's mouth,” answered Mac-Ivor. 1814, Sir Walter Scott, Waverley:
- With that he took off his great-coat, and having run his fingers through his hair, thrust one hand gently in the bosom of his waistcoat 1844, Charles Dickens, The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit:
- There was also hairdressing: hairdressing, too, really was hairdressing in those times — no running a comb through it and that was that. It was curled, frizzed, waved, put in curlers overnight, waved with hot tongs;[…]. 1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:
-
Definition: To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be driven. From a source of medium confidence.
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- They ran the ship aground. 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 27:41:
- [...]besides all this, a talkative person must needs be impertinent, and speak many idle words, and so render himself burdensome and odious to Company, and may perchance run himself upon great Inconveniences, by blabbing out his own or other’s Secrets; 1691, John Ray, The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation:
- [...]and others, accustomed to retired speculations, run natural philosophy into metaphysical notions and the abstract generalities of logic ; 1706, John Locke, Of the Conduct of the Understanding, Section 24. Partiality:
-
Definition: To cause to be drawn; to mark out; to indicate; to determine. From a source of medium confidence.
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- to run a line Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To encounter or incur (a danger or risk). From a source of medium confidence.
transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- to run the risk of losing one's life Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- He runneth two dangers. 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Friendship”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:
-
Definition: To put at hazard; to venture; to risk. From a source of medium confidence.
obsolete · transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- He would himself be in the Highlands to receive them, and run his fortune with them. 1702–1704, Edward [Hyde, 1st] Earl of Clarendon, (please specify |book=I to XVI), in The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Begun in the Year 1641. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed at the [Sheldonian] Theater:
-
Definition: To tease with sarcasms and ridicule. From a source of medium confidence.
obsolete · transitive
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
No example is recorded for this sense.
-
Definition: To sew (a seam) by passing the needle through material in a continuous line, generally taking a series of stitches on the needle at the same time. From a source of medium confidence.
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
No example is recorded for this sense.
-
Definition: To control or have precedence in a card game. From a source of medium confidence.
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- Every three or four hands he would run the table. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To be in form thus, as a combination of words. From a source of medium confidence.
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- Which Sovereignty, with us, ſo undoubtedly reſideth in the Perſon of the King, that his ordinary Style runneth — Our Sovereign Lord the King: […] 1722 [1647], Robert Sanderson, translated by Thomas Lewis, A Preservative Against Schism and Rebellion, in the Most Trying Times, volume 1, translation of De juramenti promissorii obligatione, page 355:
- The departure was not unduly prolonged. In the road Mr. Love and the driver favoured the company with a brief chanty running: “Got it?—No, I ain't, 'old on,—Got it? Got it?—No, 'old on sir.” 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 5, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:
-
Definition: To be popularly known; to be generally received. From a source of medium confidence.
archaic
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- [...]great captains, and even consular men, who first brought them over, took pride in giving them their own names (by which they run a great while in Rome) c. 1685, William Temple, Upon the Gardens of Epicurus, published 1908, page 27:
- Neither was he ignorant what report ran of himselfe. 1603, Richard Knolles, The Generall Historie of the Turkes, […], London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC:
-
Definition: To have growth or development. From a source of medium confidence.
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- Boys and girls run up rapidly. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- or the Richness of the Ground cause them [turnips] to run too much to Leaves 1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC:
-
Definition: To tend, as to an effect or consequence; to incline. From a source of medium confidence.
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- A man's nature runs either to herbs or weeds. 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Nature in Men”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:
- It hath been observed, that the temperate climates usually run into moderate governments, and the extremes into despotic power. 1708, Jonathan Swift, “The Sentiments of a Church-of-England Man with respect to Religion and Government”, in The Works of Dr. Jonathan Swift, published 1757, page 235:
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Definition: To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in company. From a source of medium confidence.
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- Certain covenants run with the land. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
- Customs run only upon our goods imported or exported, and that but once for all; whereas interest runs as well upon our ships as goods, and must be yearly paid. c. 1665, Josiah Child, Discourse on Trade:
-
Definition: To encounter or suffer (a particular, usually bad, fate or misfortune). From a source of medium confidence.
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- Don't let me run the fate of all who show indulgence to your sex […]. 1748, [Samuel Richardson], chapter 8, in Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume I, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; [a]nd sold by A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:
-
Definition: To strike (the ball) in such a way as to cause it to run along the ground, as when approaching a hole. From a source of medium confidence.
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
No example is recorded for this sense.
-
Definition: To speedrun. From a source of medium confidence.
rare
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
No example is recorded for this sense.
-
Definition: To eject from a game or match. From a source of medium confidence.
especially
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- Jackson got himself run in the top of the sixth for arguing a borderline strike three call. Usage example — not an attested quotation.
-
Definition: To press (a bank, etc.) with immediate demands for payment. From a source of medium confidence.
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
No example is recorded for this sense.
-
Definition: To play basketball (usually pickup). From a source of medium confidence.
slang
No translation has been attempted for this sense.
- you wanna run? -- 'do you want to play?'; said to someone not in the game but who is watching and ready to play, when a team needs another player to make five (usually) for a pick-up game 2002 August 24, Linguist List Listserv:
- "You wanna run?" 1996, Paul Beatty, The White Boy Shuffle:
UniMorph's English data records one verb form of run at the pinned commit: its plain form (V;NFIN;IMP+SBJV). Its past, its third-person singular present and its participles are not recorded there, and are not inferred.
| plain form (non-finite, imperative and subjunctive) plain form | run attested |
|---|
Etymology: From Middle English runnen, rennen (“to run”), alteration (due to the past participle runne, runnen, yronne) of Middle English rinnen (“to run”), from Old English rinnan, iernan (“to run”) and Old Norse rinna (“to run”), both from Proto-Germanic *rinnaną (“to run”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to boil, churn”). Cognate with Scots rin (“to run”), West Frisian rinne (“to walk, march”), archaic Dutch rinnen (“to flow”, still in geronnen), German rinnen (“to flow”), Swedish rinna (“to flow”), and Icelandic renna (“to flow”). From the causative Proto-Germanic *rannijaną (“to make run”) are Dutch rennen, German rennen, Danish rende, Swedish ränna (all “to run”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian rend (“to run, run after”), Persian راندن (rândan, “to move, set in motion”). See also random. From a source of medium confidence.
No related word is recorded for this word.